The best way to control bleeding is with direct pressure over the site of the wound. Do not attempt to apply a tourniquet yourself. Always avoid skin contact with the victim's blood. Use several layers of material, if necessary.
- Apply firm, steady direct pressure for 5 to 15 minutes. Most bleeding will stop within a few minutes.
- If bleeding is from a foot, hand, leg or arm, use gravity to help slow the flow of blood. If you do not think any bones have been broken, elevate the limb so that it is above the victim's heart.
- Nose bleeding often can be controlled through direct pressure by pinching the nostrils with the fingers while sitting up. Apply pressure for 10 minutes without interruption.
Bleeding: Head Injuries
- Call for emergency help. Let a medical professional treat the wound.
- Always suspect a neck injury when a serious head injury has occurred. Keep the victim's neck and head still.
- When stopping the bleeding, don't press too hard. Do not attempt to use direct pressure to stop bleeding from within the ear.
Do not give the victim any fluids, cigarettes or other drugs, which may mask important symptoms.
Bleeding: Internal
Warning signs of internal bleeding include:
- coughing or vomiting blood, or passing blood in urine or stool
- cold, clammy, pale skin; rapid, weak pulse; dizziness
- Get emergency medical help immediately.
- Have the victim lie down with feet slightly elevated, and encourage him or her to relax. Stay calm and keep the victim warm.
- Do not give the victim anything to drink or eat.
